When we speak or write we use words. We usually use these words in groups. But any group of words will not necessarily express a complete thought;
the hill went up and Jack Jill
Does this group of words make sense? No, it does not. Now arrange these words in their proper order and write :
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
This makes complete sense. A group of words that makes complete sense is called a Sentence.
An aeroplane flies in the air.
KINDS OF SENTENCES
Sentences can do four kinds of things. A sentence can —
- Make a statement’, as,
The sun rises in the east.
(Affirmative)
The sun does not move round the earth.
(Negative)
A sentence that states or declares something is called an Assertive or Declarative Sentence. - Ask a question; as,
Does the sun rise in the east? Who does not love his country?
A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogam e Sentence. - Express some command, request, entreaty or wish; as,
Shut the door. (Command) Lend me your pen, please. {Request)
Help me, O God. {Entreaty) God save the Queen. {Wish)
A sentence that expresses a command, a request, an entreaty or a desire is called an Imperative Sentence. - Express some strong or sudden feeling; as,
How hot it is! What a foolish boy you are!
A sentence that expresses some strong or sudden feeling is called an Exclamatory Sentence.
NOTE: From the above, it is clear that —
- Every sentence begins with a capital letter.
- A Full Stop (.) is placed at the end of every Declarative or Imperative
- A Question Mark (?) is placed at the end of every Interrogative
- An Exclamation Mark (!) is placed at the end of every Exclamatory
Exercise 1: Write out the following sentences so that they make sense:
- Elephant, an the, animal, largest is
- a, noise, make, do, not
- and, milk, butter, cheese, are, made, tools
- sweet, how, rose, this, smells
- a, year, months, how, many, are, in, there
- girl, what, are, you, a, clever
- flower, from, to flower, fly, bees
- blames, a, workman, bad, his, from
- wife, children, and, he, his, care, takes, of
- his, country, love, does, who, not
Exercise 2: Say whether each of the following sentences is assertive imperative, interrogative or exclamatory,
- Keep off the grass.
- What nonsense you talk!
- God save our Queen.
- Let us keep our promise.
- Have you lost your book?
- How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank!
- What a piece of work is man!
- Honesty is the best policy.
- Do not depend too much on the help of others.
- The earth goes around the sun.
- Mind your own business.
- How old is your elder sister?
- What a beautiful night it is!
- May God bless you with health.
- What is the time by your watch?
- Lend me your pen, please.
- What a fool you are!
- Animals do not laugh.
- You must never lie or cheat.
- No news is good news.